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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and can increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. They are not able to cure the disorder and only help manage symptoms if they are they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety and tics. Some children and teenagers who take stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most frequently prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety forms, including a chewable tablet that is liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug is effective by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to improve focus. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure. People with diabetes should also be aware of this medication as it could cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. If you encounter any of these side effects, speak with your doctor. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness of the feet and fingers. This is a rare side effect, but it is important to inform your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, however this hasn't been proven to be the situation. If your child is taking methylphenidate ensure that you be aware of their weight and height. If your child takes tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine, it could be harmful to children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different methylphenidate formula when you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are often considered to be the first choice medication for treating ADHD, but some people have trouble with them. In these cases, doctors could prescribe a different medication that functions similarly. There are also other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These drugs are a little more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. The typical dosage is at least three times a day However, some people might be able to take them more often. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD, but they are less likely to be effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a class called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that regulate brain activity. It is a preferred choice for both adults and children who want a different type of medication from stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine does not work instantly and it could take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to be evident. There are also adverse effects like drowsiness and nausea. However the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for a majority of patients. The effectiveness of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced reduction in symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine treatment group had greater improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson and colleagues 2001). In another open trial in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group demonstrated improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and the Clinical Global Impression Severity scales improving significantly. One patient withdrew due to an outbreak of skin rash. Three patients also reported temporary digestive symptoms, and one patient reported increased fatigue. Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine to your doctor about your health history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medicines. It is particularly important to tell your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or a history of sudden death. You should also be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor like isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant drug, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It also helps reduce the impulsivity of children and improve concentration. However, it does not affect the brain the way stimulants do. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is essential to take the medication as instructed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur if you stop suddenly. The most common dosage is two or three doses per day separated by 4 to 6 hours. The dosage can range from 100 mg two or three times daily up to 150 mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract, and then eliminated into urine, meaning it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it can be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It's important to keep it in check regularly. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. medication for adhd adults is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from reaching your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Inform your doctor if taking any other medication. It is important to inform your doctor know that you are suffering from any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants that can make the side effects more severe. In several studies the bupropion drug was compared with placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and most studies were not conducted properly. A majority of these studies excluded patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. However it is necessary to conduct more research to establish positive outcomes for patients like improvements in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to understand the underlying causes of the molecular types of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to understand how different anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants can be prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD are not effective or cause side adverse effects. These medications, such as imipramine and Nortriptyline, (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which aids in helping people concentrate. These are older medications that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually tried only when other drugs have failed. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases despite their long history. These medications are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other, but their antidepressant effect is not the identical. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity and less serious side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic to humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor may recommend slowly decreasing the dosage over several weeks to lessen the negative effects. While not officially approved by the FDA as an adhd medication Bupropion is a widely prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It is also believed to alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants to achieve quicker and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, however many people have found relief through herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet low on fat and sugar may help reduce ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine can also be helpful for certain people. It's important to tell your doctor about all medications that you or your child takes, including over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and minimize unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medication can affect people differently. It may take some trial and error to determine the best dosage and dose for your child or yourself.